Older adults have a higher risk of developing many chronic diseases and are at increased risk of falls, fractures, and mobility disability. The population of older adults will more than double to 98 million by 2050 and represents a major healthcare challenge (Olshansky, Goldman, Zheng, & Rowe, 2009). These data suggest phosphorus metabolites and phospholipids are associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Lipidomic analyses revealed that the major phospholipids, (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol) were elevated in sarcopenic muscle and were inversely related to muscle volume and peak power. PDE2 was associated with glycerol-phosphoethanolamine levels, a putative marker of phospholipid membrane damage. Lower PCr was related to higher muscle creatine. Percutaneous biopsy specimens of the vastus lateralis were obtained for metabolomic and lipidomic analyses.
PCr content was lower in muscle from older adults with sarcopenia compared to controls, while PDE2 was elevated. In the second study, we examined well-phenotyped older adults that were classified as nonsarcopenic or sarcopenic based on sex-specific criteria described by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. In the first study, fifty-five older adults with obesity were enrolled and we found that resting phosphocreatine (PCr) was positively associated with muscle volume and knee extensor peak power, while a phosphodiester peak (PDE2) was negatively related to these variables. Resting phosphorus metabolites in skeletal muscle were examined by 31P-MRS.
This investigation was conducted across two separate studies. Here, we sought to determine which phosphorus metabolites were linked with reduced muscle mass and function in older adults. 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31P-MRS) is a powerful tool used to evaluate phosphorus metabolite levels in muscle. The loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age (sarcopenia) is a critical healthcare challenge for older adults.
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